References are to paragraph numbers or to the Appendices.
A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - Y - Z
“& Anor”/ “& Ors”,3.2.1(b)
¶ (pilcrow sign), with case numbers,3.2.6(b)
24-hour and 12-hour clock formats,1.2.3(c)
A
abbreviations
acronyms, 1.1.7(e)
case name
indication of legal status, 3.2.1(b)
long, 3.2.1(f)
names which should not be abbreviated, 3.2.1(b)
“Re”, 3.2.1(d)
“cf”/“f”/“ff”/“et seq”, 2.2.4(b)
chapters in texts, pinpoint reference, 6.1.8(b)
clauses in contracts, 1.1.7(g)
contractions, 1.1.7(a)
country names, 1.1.7(d)
court identifiers see court identifiers
“etc”, 1.1.7(a)
full stops in, 2.1.3
footnote format, 2.2.4(a)
general rule, 1.1.7(a)
journal titles, 6.4.6
judicial office
Australia, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
Canada, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
England and Wales, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
New Zealand, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
other jurisdictions, 1.1.6(d)(iv)
jurisdiction identifiers see jurisdiction identifiers
legal status of entities
generally, 1.1.7(h)
parties’ names, 3.2.1(b)
legislative provisions, 1.1.7(f), 4.1.1(d)
Bills, 4.2.1(f)
Orders in Council that are legislative instruments, 4.3.1(c)
minute book references, 3.5.4(b)
reference tags
generally, 1.1.7(c)
regnal years, Appendix 5
report series’ titles, 3.2.5(a)
United Kingdom Parliamentary Debates, 5.1.1
units of measurement, 1.1.7(b)
“above n x” format, 2.3.1(a), 2.3.1(a)(i), 2.3.1(a)(v), 2.3.2
accent marks
foreign words or names, 1.1.1(e)
macrons in Māori words, 1.1.1(c)
Accident Compensation Appeal Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
accident compensation appeals in District Court, 3.3.3(b)
“Accident Compensation Corporation”, in case name, 3.2.1(b)
acronyms, 1.1.7(e)
Acts see statutes; statutes (specific jurisdictions)
“ad hoc”, 1.1.1(d)
Admiralty and Ecclesiastical Cases, official reports for England and Wales, Appendix 4
“aff’d” (affirmed), 3.2.11
Alcohol Regulatory and Licensing Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
alternative spellings
“judgment” vs “judgement”, 1.1.1(b)
“s” vs “z”, 1.1.1(b)
amendment Acts, short titles, 4.1.1(a)
“America”, 1.1.7(d)
“am/“pm”, 1.2.3(c)
annual reports, companies, 5.4</p>
“Anzac Day”, 1.1.7(e)
Appeal Cases (AC)
official reports for England and Wales, 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
Privy Council judgment also reported in NZLR, 3.2.5(c)
appeals, court rules, Appendix 6
Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives (AJHR), 5.1.2
Law Commission reports in, 5.2.3
arbitral decisions, international, 10.3.1, 10.3.2
archived materials, 7.7.2
articles see essays and chapters in edited books; Internet materials; journal articles; newspaper and magazine articles
“Assoc”, 3.2.1(b)
Associate Judges (High Court), 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
Atlantic Provinces Reports, 8.3.1(b)
Attorney-General
in case name, 3.2.1(b)
New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, consistency of Bills, 5.4(f)
Australia
judges, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
reported cases
ATPR, case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
Australian Law Reports, 3.2.5(d)
Commonwealth Law Reports, 8.2.1(a)
court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
Privy Council judgments in, 3.2.7(b)
court identifier, 8.2.2(a)
general rules, 8.1
jurisdiction identifier, 8.2.2(b)
neutral citation available, 8.2.3, Appendix 2
official report series, 8.2.1(a), Appendix 2
unofficial report series, 8.2.1(b)
statutes, 9.2
general rules, 9.1
unreported cases, general rules, 8.1
authors see under particular sources/types of information
“autrefois acquit”, 1.1.1(d)
B
bibliographies, 2.1.1, Appendix 7 (V)
foreign language sources, 1.1.1(f)
Bills, 4.2
amendments, 4.2.1(d)
capitalisation of word “Bill”, 1.1.5
consistency with New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, 5.4(f)
explanatory notes, 4.2.2
general form, 4.2.1
bar number, 4.2.1(d)
Bill number, 4.2.1(c)
divided Bills, 4.2.1(e)
Government Bill not yet introduced to House, 4.2.1
identical titles within same parliamentary term, 4.2.1(b)
Member’s Bill not yet introduced to House, 4.2.1
pinpoint reference, 4.2.1(f)
short title, 4.2.1(a)
year of introduction, 4.2.1(b)
general references, omission of bar number, 4.2.1(d)
Government Bill exposure drafts, 5.4(f)
select committee reports, 4.2.2
Statutes Amendment Bills, identification of, 4.2.1(b)
Supplementary Order Papers, 4.2.3
blogs, 7.1.1
brackets
Australian statutes, jurisdiction identifier, 9.2
Bills
bar number, 4.2.1(d)
Bill number, 4.2.1(c)
Cabinet document dates, 5.2.1
Canadian cases, neutral citation, year, 8.3.3(a)
case name
common names, 3.2.1(e)
suppressed names, inclusion of court file number, 3.2.1(g)
emails
date, 7.6.5
role of author, 7.6.2
role of recipient, 7.6.3
foreign language materials, 1.1.1(f)
initialisms, 1.1.7(e)
international arbitral decisions, reported
parties’ names, 10.3.1(b)
phase or type of decision, 10.3.1(c)
year of decision, 10.3.1(d)
international arbitral decisions, unreported
parties’ names, 10.3.2(b)
phase or type of decision, 10.3.2(c)
International Court of Justice/Permanent Court of International Justice
parties’ names, 10.2.1(c)
PCIJ, series, 10.2.1(g)
phase, 10.2.1(d)
year, 10.2.1(f)
international criminal courts and tribunals, phase or type of decision, 10.2.2(b)
Internet documents
date of creation, 7.1.4
URLs, 7.1.6
journals
multiple issue numbers within single volume not consecutively paginated, 6.4.5
year, 6.4.4
letters
date, 7.6.5
role of author, 7.6.2
role of recipient, 7.6.3
Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court
minute book citation, 3.5.5(a)
year of judgment, 3.5.3
neutral citation, year of decision, 3.3.2
New Zealand Law Society papers, 6.7.2
newspaper articles
date of publication, 7.2.6
place of publication, 7.2.5(a)
paper and report publishers, 5.4(b), 5.4(c)
parliamentary materials
AJHR
pinpoint to paragraph number, 5.1.2
year of journal, 5.1.2
select committee submission date, 5.1.3
podcasts, 7.1.8
press releases
date of publication, 7.4.5
description of document, 7.4.4
provincial legislation, post-1854, 4.1.4(d)
quoted text
alterations to, 1.2.2(b)(iii)
emphasis added, 1.2.2(b)(iv)
footnotes or citations in, 1.2.2(b)(ii)
“sic”, 1.2.2(b)(iii)
reference tags
cases, 2.3.2
generally, 1.1.7(c)
reported cases
court identifier, case without neutral citation, 3.2.7(a)
pinpoint to paragraph number, 3.2.8(b)
Scottish cases, year, 8.5.1(a)
series number (overseas reports), 3.2.5(b)
SOP number, 4.2.3(b)
speeches, location and date, 7.5.4
statutes, jurisdiction identifier, 4.1.1(c)
texts, place of publication
common names, 6.1.6(b)
obscure place, 6.1.6(c)
treaties, date, 10.1.1(d)
tweets, 7.1.10
United Kingdom statutes, jurisdiction identifier
post-1998, 9.4.3(a)
pre-1998, 9.4.2
United Nations
other documents, date, 10.4.3(d)
resolutions, year, 10.4.2(c)
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, year, 10.4.4(b)
United States
cases, year, 8.6.1(a)
Federal Courts of Appeals, en banc decisions, 8.6.2(b)
restatements of the law, pocket parts, 9.5.4(a)
unpublished interviews
date, 7.3.6
details, 7.3.5
interviewer’s name, 7.3.4
transcript details, 7.3.7
WTO document, annex, title, 10.6.1
Broadcasting Standards Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
bulleted lists, 1.2.1
Butterworths Current Law, 3.2.5(d)
C
“Cabinet”, 1.1.5
Cabinet documents, 5.2.1
Cabinet Manual, 5.2.2
Cambodia, criminal court, 10.2.2
Canada
judges, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
reported cases
court identifier, 8.3.2(a)
Dominion Law Reports, 3.2.5(d), 8.3.1(b)
general rules, 8.1
jurisdiction identifier, 8.3.2(b)
neutral citation available, 8.3.3, Appendix 3
official report series, 8.3.1(a), Appendix 3
Supreme Court Reports, court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
unofficial report series, 8.3.1(b)
statutes, 9.3.1
chapter, 9.3.1(e)
general form, 9.3.1
general rules, 9.1
jurisdiction, 9.3.1(c)
pinpoint reference, 9.3.1(f)
revision, 9.3.1
short title, 9.3.1(a)
volume, 9.3.1(b)
year, 9.3.1(d)
unreported cases, general rules, 8.1
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 9.3.1
Canadian Criminal Cases, 8.3.1(b)
capital letters
acronyms, 1.1.7(e)
case name, 3.2.1(b)
footnote format, 2.2.4(a)
general rule, 1.1.5
Internet document titles, 7.1.3
journal article titles, 6.4.3
legal persons or constitutional persons/institutions, 1.1.5
lists, 1.2.1
newspaper article titles, 7.2.3
paper and report titles, 5.4(b)
press release titles, 7.4.3
proper nouns, 1.1.5
quoted text, 1.2.2(a)(ii)
speech titles, 7.5.3
text titles, 6.1.3
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, document titles, 10.4.4(a)
Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations, 3.2.5(a), 6.4.6
cases
citation, general rules see citation, general rules
footnote format and content see footnote format and content
historic
Lost Cases Project, 3.7.2
newspaper reports, 3.7.1
Internet/online sources, 7.1.9
“judgment” vs “judgement”, 1.1.1(b)
neutral citations see neutral citations
quotations from judgments see quotations
reported see reported cases
rules for determination of how to cite case, 3.1
unreported see unreported cases
CCH series, case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
centuries, 1.2.3(e)
“cf”, 2.2.4(b)
Chancery Division (Ch), official reports for England and Wales, 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
chapters in edited books see essays and chapters in edited books
Chief Judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Chief Justice, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
citation, general rules
accuracy and completeness, 2.1.1
bibliographies, 2.1.1, Appendix 7 (V)
foreign language sources, 1.1.1(f)
cases/decisions see cases; Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court; neutral citations; reported cases; unreported cases; Waitangi Tribunal reports
foreign language materials, 1.1.1(f)
forthcoming works, 6.8
guiding principle, 2.1.1
legislation see Bills; secondary legislation; statutes; statutes (specific jurisdictions)
location of citation information, 2.1.2
punctuation, 2.1.3
references to a work referred to in another work, 6.9
secondary materials see essays and chapters in edited books; Internet materials; journal articles; legal encyclopaedias; looseleaf texts; online commentaries; texts; unpublished papers
endnotes
essays and chapters in edited books, pinpoint reference, 6.2.6(b)
journal articles, pinpoint reference, 6.4.8
looseleafs, pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
modification of footnote rules for, 2.1.1
online commentaries, pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
texts, pinpoint reference, 6.1.8(d)
footnotes see footnote format and content
in-text citation
emphasis added in quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(iv)
legislative provisions, 4.1.1(d)
modification of footnote rules for, 2.1.1
quoted text including retained footnotes, 1.2.2(b)(ii)
“City Council”, in case name, 3.2.1(b)
civil appeals, court rules, Appendix 6
civil aviation rules, 4.3.4
codes, 4.3.4
Colonial Law Journal (1865-1875), 3.2.5(e)
commas
in numbers, 1.2.3(a)
international arbitral decisions, date of unreported decision, 10.3.2(f)
international criminal courts and tribunals,
case numbers, 10.2.2(e)
chamber, 10.2.2(e)
journal articles, footnote or endnote, pinpoint reference, 6.4.8
legislative provisions, pinpoint reference, 4.1.1(d)
multiple paragraphs or pages, pinpoint reference, 3.2.8(b)
newspaper section titles, 7.2.4
paper and report publishers, 5.4(b)
separation of neutral citation and reported citation, 3.2.2(c)
serial (Oxford), 1.1.2
speeches
location and date, 7.5.4
speaker, 7.5.2
Supplementary Order Papers, pinpoint reference, 4.2.3(d)
texts
edition number, 6.1.4
publisher, 6.1.5
treaties
bilateral treaties, parties’ names, 10.1.1(b)
date, 10.1.1(d)
United Nations
other documents, session number, 10.4.3(b)
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, volume and part numbers, 10.4.4(d)
unpublished interviews
details, 7.3.5
interviewer, 7.3.4
unreported cases, file number citation, 3.4.5(f)
Commerce Commission, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
“Commissioner of Inland Revenue”, in case name, 3.2.1(b)
common case names, 3.2.1(e)
Common Law Market Reports (CLMR), 10.5.1(b)(ii)
Common Pleas, official reports for England and Wales, Appendix 4
Commonwealth Law Reports (CLR), 8.2.1(a)
court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
Privy Council judgments in, 3.2.7(b)
companies/corporate entities
annual reports, 5.4
legal entity abbreviations, 1.1.7(h)
parties’ names, 3.2.1(b)
“Compare” references in footnotes, 2.2.4(b)
conference papers, 6.7.2
consolidated cases, 3.2.1(i)
constitutional persons/institutions, use of capital letters, 1.1.5
contractions, 1.1.7(a)
contractual clauses (“cl”/“cls”), 1.1.7(g)
“Contrast” references in footnotes, 2.2.4(b)
conventions see treaties
Copyright Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
corporate entities see companies/corporate entities
Council of Europe, 10.5
country name abbreviations, 1.1.7(d)
court identifiers
Australia
Commonwealth Law Reports, exception, 3.2.7(b)
neutral citation, 8.2.2(a), Appendix 2
Canada
neutral citation, 8.3.3, Appendix 3
Supreme Court Reports, exception, 3.2.7(b)
England and Wales
neutral citation, 8.4.4, Appendix 4
nominate reports, 8.4.2(c)
reported cases, 8.4.3
European Commission of Human Rights, 10.5.4(b)
European Court of Human Rights, 10.5.3(a), 10.5.3(b)
European Union
cases from 2012 onwards, 10.5.1(c)(iii)
cases prior to 1989, 10.5.1(b)(iv)
international criminal courts and tribunals, 10.2.2(c)
neutral citation
general rule, 3.3.3(a)
NZ courts, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
NZ tribunals, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
particular decision of court or tribunal normally using neutral citation fails to include neutral citation, 3.3.3(d)
reported cases, 3.2.7(a)
Scotland
neutral citation, 8.5.2(b)
reported cases, 8.5.1(b)
United States
federal courts, 8.6.2
state courts, 8.6.3(a)
Supreme Court Reports, exception, 3.2.7(b)
unreported cases, file number citation, 3.4.3
Court of Appeal
judges, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.1(a), 3.3.3(b)
President, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
reported cases see reported cases
suppressed names, inclusion of court file number, 3.2.1(g)
unreported cases see unreported cases; unreported cases (file number citation)
Court of Appeal (Civil) Rules 2005, 4.3.3
document style requirements, Appendix 6
Court of Appeal (Criminal) Rules 2001, 4.3.3
document style requirements, Appendix 6
Court of Appeal (England and Wales),
1.1.6(d)(ii)
Court of First Instance (CFI), 10.5, 10.5.1
Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), 10.5, 10.5.1
court rules, 4.3.3
document style requirements, Appendix 6
courts
see also judges
Australia, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
Canada, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
England and Wales, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
European, 10.5
identifiers see court identifiers
names, general rules, 1.1.6(c)
New Zealand, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Courts of New Zealand website
Supreme Court, transcripts of oral argument, 3.8
use of judges’ first names, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Criminal Appeal Reports, case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
criminal appeals, court rules, Appendix 6
cross-referencing in footnotes see footnote format and content
Crown, The
case name, 3.2.1(c)
“Crown”, 1.1.5
Crown Cases Reserved, official reports for England and Wales, Appendix 4
currency, 1.2.4
Customs Appeal Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
D
“Dame”, 6.1.2(c)
dates
enactment/judgment/publication etc see under particular sources/types of information
expression
centuries, 1.2.3(e)
decades, 1.2.3(d)
format, 1.2.3(b)
spans of years, 1.2.3(d)
Declaration of Independence (He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tirene), 4.1.1(e)
deemed regulations, 4.3.4
definitions, statutory, 4.1.1(d)
delegated legislation see secondary legislation
departmental disclosure statements, 5.4(f)
Deportation Review Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
diacritic marks see accent marks
dictionaries
English, 1.1.1(b)
Māori, 1.1.1(c)
digests, 3.2.5(d)
directives, European Union, 10.5.2(a), 10.5.2(b), 10.5.2(c)
disallowable instruments not legislative instruments (DINLIs), 4.3.4
dissenting judgments, 3.2.9(d)
“District Council”, in case name, 3.2.1(b)
District Court
accident compensation appeals, court identifier, 3.3.3(b)
Chief Judge and judges, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.3.3(b)
reported cases see reported cases
unreported cases see unreported cases; unreported cases (file number citation)
District Courts Reports (DCR), 3.2.3(b)(iv)
district identifier, tribunal identifier including, 3.3.3(c)
divorce, official reports for England and Wales, Appendix 4
document format see footnote format and content; format; numbers; quotations
Dominion Law Reports (DLR), 3.2.5(d), 8.3.1(b)
double quotation marks see quotation marks
E
eBooks, 6.1.9
economic materials
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 10.6.2
World Trade Organization, 10.6.1
edited versions of historical texts, 7.7.1
editorials, 7.2.2
editors
essays and chapters in edited books, 6.2.4
looseleafs, 6.3.2
online commentaries, 6.3.2
texts, 6.1.2(g)
elision of page/paragraph numbers, 1.2.3(a), 3.2.8(b)
ellipses
keyboard shortcut, 1.2.2(b)(v)
quoted text, 1.2.2(a)(ii), 1.2.2(b)(v)
em dash, 1.2.3(g)
emails, 7.6
author, 7.6.2
date, 7.6.5
general form, 7.6.1
recipient, 7.6.3
role of author, 7.6.2
role of recipient, 7.6.3
subject, 7.6.4
emphasis
adding, 1.1.4
quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(iv)
Employment Court
Chief Judge and judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.3.3(b)
Employment Relations Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Employment Tribunal, Appendix 1
en dashes
bilateral treaties, parties’ names, 10.1.1(b)
keyboard shortcut, 1.2.3(g)
Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court, separation of case name and block name, 3.5.2(a)
paper and report titles, 5.4(b)
pinpoint reference, ranges of paragraphs or pages, 3.2.8(b)
spans of years, 1.2.3(d)
texts
multi-volume works, 6.1.7
subtitles, 6.1.3
encyclopaedias see legal encyclopaedias
endnotes
essays and chapters in edited books, pinpoint reference, 6.2.6(b)
journal articles, pinpoint reference, 6.4.8
looseleafs, pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
modification of footnote rules for, 2.1.1
online commentaries, pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
texts, pinpoint reference, 6.1.8(d)
England and Wales
see also House of Lords; United Kingdom
courts, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
judges, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
National Assembly for Wales, 9.4.3(b)
reported cases
All England Law Reports, 3.2.5(d)
court identifier, 8.4.3
Criminal Appeal Reports, 3.2.6(b)
Fleet Street Reports, 3.2.6(b)
general rules, 8.1
Law Reports (official reports), 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
neutral citation available, 8.4.4, Appendix 4
nominate reports, 8.4.2
Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases, 3.2.6(b)
Weekly Law Reports, 8.4.1(b)
unreported cases, general rules, 8.1
English dictionary, use of, 1.1.1(b)
Environment Court
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.3.3(b)
Principal Judge, 1.1.6(d)(i)
essays and chapters in edited books, 6.2
author, 6.2.2
citation, general rules see citation, general rules
citation of text, 6.2.4
footnote format and content see footnote format and content
forthcoming works, 6.8
general form, 6.2.1
pinpoint reference, 6.2.6
starting page, 6.2.5
title, 6.2.3
“et seq”, 2.2.4(b)
“etc”, 1.1.7(a)
European cases, distinguishing between, 10.5,
European Commission of Human Rights, 10.5, 10.5.4
European Court of Human Rights, 10.5, 10.5.3
court identifier, 10.5.3(a), 10.5.3(b)
general form, 10.5.3
report series, 10.5.3(a)
unreported cases, 10.5.3(a)
European Court of Justice (ECJ), 10.5, 10.5.1
European Union
cases, 10.5.1(a)
2012 onwards, 10.5.1(c)
prior to 2012, 10.5.1(b)
legislation, 10.5.2
Official Journal, 10.5.1(b)(ii), 10.5.2(c)
“ex parte”, 3.2.1(d)
Exchequer, official reports for England and Wales, Appendix 4
Executive Council members, honorific titles, 1.1.6(b)
explanatory notes (Bills), 4.2.2,
extracts, cases, 3.2.5(d)
extrajudicial writing, 1.1.6(d)(v), 6.1.2(d)
Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, 10.2.2
F
Family Court
fictional names in cases selected for publication on website, 3.2.1(g)
identification of parties, 3.2.1(g)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.3.3(b)
Principal Judge and judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Family Division (Fam), official reports for England and Wales, 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
“f”/“ff”, 2.2.4(b)
figures see numbers
file number citation see unreported cases (file number citation)
Fleet Street Reports, case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
font
long quotations, 1.2.2(a)(ii)
university work, Appendix 7 (II)
footnote format and content
court identifier, case without neutral citation, 3.2.7(a)
essays and chapters in edited books, pinpoint reference, 6.2.6(b)
extrajudicial writing, 6.1.2(d)
first and subsequent references to cited source, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.3.1
choice of style, 2.3.1
commercial style, 2.3.1(b)
general style, 2.3.1(a)
“above n x” format, 2.3.1(a), 2.3.1(a)(i), 2.3.1(a)(v), 2.3.2
cases, 2.3.1(a)(i)
essays and chapters in edited books, 2.3.1(a)(iv)
legislation, 2.3.1(a)(ii)
texts and articles, 2.3.1(a)(iii)
“Ibid”, 2.3.1(a)(i)
reference tags for cases, 2.3.2
foreign language translations, 1.1.1(e)
honorifics/post-nominal titles, 6.1.2(c)
introductory signals (“See”/“Compare”/“Contrast”), 2.2.4(b)
journal articles, pinpoint reference, 6.4.8
legislative provisions, 4.1.1(d)
location, 2.2.3
location and content of citation information in main text, 2.1.2
looseleafs, pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
Māori language
explanations of key concepts, 1.1.1(c)
translations, 1.1.1(c)
numbering format and sequence, 2.2.1
online commentaries, pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
peerage titles in, 1.1.6(a), 6.1.2(c)
position of number in main text
general rules, 2.2.2
long quotations, 1.2.2(a)(ii), 2.2.2
short quotations, 1.2.2(a)(i), 2.2.2
quoted text including retained footnotes in, 1.2.2(b)(ii)
reference tags
generally, 1.1.7(c)
texts, pinpoint reference, 6.1.8(d)
foreign jurisdictions see Australia; Canada; England and Wales; international criminal courts and tribunals; international materials; judges’ names; Northern Ireland Assembly; Scotland; United Kingdom; United Nations; United States
foreign language materials, 1.1.1(f)
foreign words or phrases, 1.1.1(e)
format
court rules, Appendix 6
currency, 1.2.4
dates see dates
footnotes see footnote format and content
numbered and bulleted lists, 1.2.1
numbers see numbers
quoted text see quotations
times, 1.2.3(c)
university work, additional rules, Appendix 7
forthcoming works, 6.8
French language, legal terms, 1.1.1(d)
full stops
abbreviations, 2.1.3
footnote format, 2.2.4(a)
acronyms, 1.1.7(e)
footnote format, 2.2.4(a)
lists, 1.2.1
short quotations, 1.2.2(a)(i)
G
Gazette see New Zealand Gazette
Gazette Law Reports (GLR), 3.2.3(b)(ii)
gender-specific language, 1.1.1(a)
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), official documents, 10.6.2
General Assembly, 4.1.3
General Court (GCE), 10.5, 10.5.1
general editors
essays and chapters in edited books, 6.2.4
looseleafs, 6.3.2
online commentaries, 6.3.2
texts, 6.1.2(g)
geographic names, Māori, 1.1.1(c)
Government Bill exposure drafts, 5.4(f)
government departments
capitalisation of names, 1.1.5
Māori names, 1.1.1(c)
government publications, 5.2
see also parliamentary materials
Cabinet documents, 5.2.1
Cabinet Manual, 5.2.2
Law Commission reports, 5.2.3
New Zealand Gazette see New Zealand Gazette
papers and reports, 5.4
author, 5.4(a)
date, 5.4(e)
examples, 5.4(f)
italics in titles, 1.1.3, 5.4(b)
official citation available, 5.4(d)
publisher, 5.4(c)
title, 5.4(b)
press releases, official document reference, 7.4.4
grammar
generally, Appendix 7
quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(iii)
H
Halsbury’s Laws of England
abbreviations for nominate reports, 8.4.2(b)
hardcopy, 6.5.1
online, 6.5.2
reissue information, 6.5.1
Hansard, 5.1.1
He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tirene (Declaration of Independence), 4.1.1(e)
headings
court rules, Appendix 6
university work, Appendix 7 (IV)
“he”/“his”, 1.1.1(a)
High Court
Associate Judges/Masters, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
judges, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.1(a), 3.3.3(b)
pre-1980, use of “SC” as court identifier, 3.2.7(a)
reported cases see reported cases
unreported cases see unreported cases; unreported cases (file number citation)
High Court (England and Wales), 1.1.6(d)(ii)
High Court Rules 2016, 4.3.3
document style requirements, Appendix 6
historic judgments
Lost Cases Project, 3.7.2
newspaper reports, 3.7.1
historical materials
archived materials, 7.7.2
edited or translated versions of texts, 7.7.1
honorific titles
footnotes, references in, 6.1.2(c)
judges
Australia, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
Canada, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
England and Wales, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
“his Honour”, “her Honour”, “their Honours”, 1.1.5, 1.1.6(d)(i)
New Zealand, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
Members of Parliament, 1.1.6(b)
use, generally, 1.1.6(a)
House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates, 5.1.1
House of Lords
Parliamentary Debates, 5.1.1
peerage titles, 1.1.6(a), 1.1.6(d)(ii)
Human Rights Review Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
hyphens
Bills, bar number, 4.2.1(d)
en dash/em dash distinguished, 1.2.3(g)
English words, 1.1.1(b)
I
“Ibid”, 2.3.1(a)(i)
Immigration Advisors Complaints and Disciplinary Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Immigration and Protection Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
imperial legislation, 4.1.2, 9.4.1
imperial measurement, units of, 1.1.7(b)
“(in liq)”, 3.2.1(b)
“(in rec)”, 3.2.1(b)
“In re”/“In the matter of”, 3.2.1(d)
“(in stat man)”, 3.2.1(b)
“Inc”, 3.2.1(b)
Intellectual Property Office of New Zealand, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
international criminal courts and tribunals, 10.2.2
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, 10.2.2
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 10.2.2
International Education Appeal Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
International Law Commission, 10.4.4
International Law Reports (ILR), 10.3.1(e)
international materials, 10
arbitral decisions, 10.3
reported, 10.3.1
unreported, 10.3.2
European Commission of Human Rights, 10.5, 10.5.4
European Court of Human Rights, 10.5, 10.5.3
European materials, generally, 10.5
European Union
cases, 10.5.1
legislation, 10.5.2
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, 10.6.2
International Court of Justice/Permanent Court of International Justice, 10.2.1
advisory opinions, 10.2.1(e)
background, 10.2.1(a)
case name, 10.2.1(b)
general form, 10.2.1
parties’ names, 10.2.1(c)
phase, 10.2.1(d)
pinpoint reference, 10.2.1(i)
publication, 10.2.1(g)
starting page or case number, 10.2.1(h)
year and volume number, 10.2.1(f)
treaties, 10.1
date, 10.1.1(d)
general form, 10.1.1
name, 10.1.1(a)
parties’ names, 10.1.1(b)
pinpoint reference, 10.1.1(e)
treaty series citation, 10.1.1(c)
United Nations Treaty Collection, 10.1.1(c)
United Nations see United Nations
World Trade Organization, 10.6.1
International System of Units, 1.1.7(b)
Internet materials, 7.1
author, 7.1.2
blogs, 7.1.1
cases, 7.1.9
citing to paper source, 7.1.1
date of creation, 7.1.4
document titles, 7.1.3
general form, 7.1.1
paper version difficult to access, 7.1.1
pinpoint reference, 7.1.7
podcasts, 7.1.8
social media, 7.1.10
URLs, 7.1.6
website name different from author’s name, 7.1.5
working papers, 7.1.1
interviews, 7.3
date, 7.3.6
general form, 7.3.1
interviewee, 7.3.2
interviewer, 7.3.4
place of interview, 7.3.5
position of interviewee, 7.3.3
programme and broadcast details, 7.3.5
publication in journal or text, 7.3.1
transcript details, 7.3.7
in-text citation
emphasis added in quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(iv)
legislative provisions, 4.1.1(d)
modification of footnote rules for, 2.1.1
quoted text including retained footnotes, 1.2.2(b)(ii)
introductory signals in footnotes (“See”/“Compare”/“Contrast”), 2.2.4(b)
italics
common, 3.2.1(e)
emphasis, adding, 1.1.4
English words, 1.1.3
foreign language titles, 1.1.1(f)
foreign words or phrases, 1.1.1(e)
international arbitral decisions: reported
parties’ names, 10.3.1(b)
phase or type of decision, 10.3.1(c)
international arbitral decisions, unreported
parties’ names, 10.3.2(b)
phase or type of decision, 10.3.2(c)
International Court of Justice/Permanent Court of International Justice
advisory opinions, 10.2.1(e)
case name, 10.2.1(b)
parties’ names, 10.2.1(c)
phase, 10.2.1(d)
international criminal courts and tribunals, phase or type of decision, 10.2.2(b)
Internet document titles, 7.1.3
journal article titles, 6.4.3
legal terms, Latin and French words, 1.1.1(d)
looseleaf titles, 6.3.3
newspaper article titles, 7.2.3
newspaper section titles, 7.2.4
newspaper titles, 1.1.3
online commentary titles, 6.3.3
paper and report titles, 1.1.3, 5.4(b)
press release titles, 7.4.3
reference tags, 1.1.7(c)
speech titles, 7.5.3
United Nations
other documents, title, 10.4.3(a)
resolutions, title, 10.4.2(a)
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, document titles, 10.4.4(a)
J
journal articles, 6.4
author, 6.4.2
citation see citation, general rules; footnote format and content
general form, 6.4.1
interviews in, 7.3.1
issue number, 6.4.5
journal title abbreviations, 6.4.6
pinpoint reference, 6.4.8
starting page, 6.4.7
title, 6.4.3
volume number, 6.4.5
year, 6.4.4
judges
dissenting judgments, 3.2.9(d)
identification, 3.2.9
judicial hierarchy, foreign jurisdictions, 1.1.6(c)
names see judges’ names
“per”, 3.2.9(a)
judges’ names
Australia, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
Canada, 1.1.6(d)(iii)
England and Wales, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
New Zealand, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
acting judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Associate Judges/Masters, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
Chief Judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Chief Justice, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
extrajudicial writing, 1.1.6(d)(v), 6.1.2(d)
first name use where surname in common, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(b)
“his Honour”, “her Honour”, “their Honours”, 1.1.5, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Principal Judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
promotion or assumption of another role subsequent to writing a judgment, 1.1.6(d)(vi), 3.2.9(e)
QCs and SCs, 1.1.6(d)(i)
subsequent references to a particular judge, 1.1.6(d)(i)
unreported cases, file number citation, 3.4.8
other jurisdictions, 1.1.6(d)(iv)
judgments
citation, general rules see citation, general rules
footnote format and content see footnote format and content
historic
Lost Cases Project, 3.7.2
newspaper reports, 3.7.1
Internet/online sources, 7.1.9
“judgment vs “judgement”, 1.1.1(b)
Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court see Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court
neutral citations see neutral citations
quotations from see quotations
reported see reported cases
rules for determination of how to cite judgment, 3.1
unreported see unreported cases
jurisdiction, statement of, where common court name, 1.1.6(c)
jurisdiction identifiers
Australia
reported cases, 8.2.2(b)
statutes, 9.2
Canada
reported cases, 8.3.2(b)
statutes, 9.3.1(c)
New Zealand
reported cases, 3.2.7(c)
statutes, 4.1.1(c)
overseas legislation, generally, 4.1.1(c)
United Kingdom
imperial statutes, 9.4.1(c)
national parliaments, post-1998, 9.4.3(b)
post-1998, 9.4.3(a)
pre-1963 statutes, 9.4.1(c)
pre-1998 constitutional reforms, 9.4.2
United States, 8.6.1(b)
federal courts, 8.6.2
state courts, 8.6.3(a)
justified text, Appendix 7 (III)
K
keyboard shortcuts
ellipsis, 1.2.2(b)(v)
en dash, 1.2.3(g)
“The King”, as party, 3.2.1(c)
King’s Bench (KB), official reports for England and Wales, 8.4.1(a)
L
land transport rules, 4.3.4
Land Valuation Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
language
foreign language materials, 1.1.1(f)
foreign words or phrases, 1.1.1(e)
gender-specific, 1.1.1(a)
legal terms, Latin and French, 1.1.1(d)
Māori words and phrases, 1.1.1(c)
italics, 1.1.3
spelling see spelling
“laser”, 1.1.7(e)
Latin, legal terms, 1.1.1(d)
Law Commission reports, 5.2.3
“Law Lords”, 1.1.6(a), 1.1.6(d)(ii)
law reports (New Zealand)
change in structure, 3.2.3(b)
citation rules, generally see reported cases
early report series, 3.2.5(e)
official series, 3.2.5(c)
organisation of, 3.2.3(a)
unofficial series, 3.2.5(d)
law reports (specific jurisdictions)
Australia
official report series, 8.2.1(a), Appendix 2
unofficial report series, 8.2.1(b)
Canada
official report series, 8.3.1(a), Appendix 3
unofficial report series, 8.3.1(b)
citation rules, generally see reported cases (specific jurisdictions)
England and Wales
Law Reports (official reports), 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
nominate reports, 8.4.2
Weekly Law Reports, 8.4.1(b)
European Commission of Human Rights, 10.5.4
European Court of Human Rights, 10.5.3(a)
European Union, 10.5.1
international arbitral decisions, 10.3.1
International Court of Justice/Permanent Court of International Justice, 10.2.1
Scotland, 8.5.1
United States
federal courts, 8.6.2
state courts, 8.6.3(b)
Lawyers and Conveyancers Disciplinary Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Lebanon, Special Court for, 10.2.2
Legal Aid Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Legal Citations for Aotearoa New Zealand database, 3.2.5(a), 6.4.6
legal encyclopaedias, 6.5
hardcopy, 6.5.1
Laws of England
abbreviations for nominate reports, 8.4.2(b)
hardcopy, 6.5.1
online, 6.5.2
reissue information, 6.5.1
Laws of New Zealand, 6.6
hardcopy, 6.6.1
online, 6.6.2
online, 6.5.2
reissue information, 6.5.1
legal entity abbreviations, 1.1.7(h), 3.2.1(b)
legal persons/institutions, use of capital letters, 1.1.5
legal terms, Latin and French words, 1.1.1(d)
legislation see Bills; secondary legislation; statutes; statutes (specific jurisdictions)
legislative abbreviations, 1.1.7(f), 4.1.1(d)
Legislative Council (1841-1853), 4.1.3
legislative instruments, 4.3.1
letters, 7.6
author, 7.6.2
date, 7.6.5
general form, 7.6.1
recipient, 7.6.3
role of author, 7.6.2
role of recipient, 7.6.3
subject, 7.6.4
letters patent, 4.3.5
“lex causae”, 1.1.1(d)
“lex loci delicti”, 1.1.1(d)
Licensing Authority of Secondhand Dealers and Pawnbrokers, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Liquor Licensing Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
lists, 1.2.1
looseleaf texts, 6.3
edition, 6.3.4
editor/author, 6.3.2
general form, 6.3.1
pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
publisher, 6.3.5
service update, 6.3.7
title, 6.3.3
Lord Chancellor (England and Wales),
1.1.6(d)(ii)
Lord Chief Justice (England and Wales), 1.1.6(d)(ii)
Lost Cases Project, 3.7.2
M
Macassey’s Reports (1861-1872), 3.2.5(e)
macrons, 1.1.1(c)
magazine articles see newspaper and magazine articles
main text, general rules
abbreviations see abbreviations
capital letters see capital letters
currency, 1.2.4
dates
centuries, 1.2.3(e)
decades, 1.2.3(d)
format, 1.2.3(b)
spans of years, 1.2.3(d)
emphasis
adding, 1.1.4
quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(iv)
footnotes see footnote format and content
italics see italics
language see language; spelling
legislative provisions, abbreviations, 4.1.1(d)
numbered and bulleted lists, 1.2.1
numbers see numbers
personal names see judges’ names; names, personal
punctuation see punctuation
quotations, format see quotations
times, 1.2.3(c)
male pronouns, 1.1.1(a)
“man”/“men”/“mankind”, 1.1.1(a)
Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court, 3.5
block name, 3.5.2
applications involving succession, 3.5.2(c)
applications with no “subject matter”, 3.5.2(d)
giving, 3.5.2(b)
separation of case name and block name, 3.5.2(a)
case name, 3.5.1
applications filed by Chief Registrar or Deputy Registrar, 3.5.1(c)
contested case, 3.5.1(a)
uncontested case, 3.5.1(b)
Chief Judge, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Chief Judges’ minute books, 3.5.5(b)
citation format, 3.5
court identifiers, Appendix 1
current minute books and their abbreviations, 3.5
district Appellate Court minute books, 3.5
minute book citation, 3.5.5
minute book reference, 3.5.4
organisation of decisions, 3.5
pinpoint reference, 3.5.6
year of judgment, 3.5.3
Māori words and phrases
dictionary to use, 1.1.1(c)
explanations of key concepts in text or footnotes, 1.1.1(c)
macrons, 1.1.1(c)
organisation names, 1.1.1(c)
place names, 1.1.1(c)
quoted text, 1.1.1(c)
spelling, 1.1.1(c)
translations, 1.1.1(c)
margins
court rules, Appendix 6
university work, Appendix 7 (III)
Master of the Rolls, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
Masters (High Court), 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
media releases see press releases
Members of Parliament, 1.1.6(b)
metric measurement, units of, 1.1.7(b)
monetary amounts, 1.2.4
Motor Vehicle Disputes Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
“Mr”/“Mrs”/“Ms”, 1.1.6(a)
N
names, countries, 1.1.7(d)
names, courts see court identifiers; courts
names, personal
authors see under particular sources/types of information
capitalisation, 1.1.5
“Dr”/“Professor”, 1.1.6(a)
footnotes, references to titles in, 6.1.2(c)
honorifics, generally, 1.1.6(a)
judges see judges’ names
Members of Parliament, 1.1.6(b)
“Mr”/“Mrs”/“Ms”, 1.1.6(a)
parties see reported cases; unreported cases
peerage titles
footnotes, references in, 1.1.6(a), 6.1.2(c)
House of Lords judges, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
post-nominal titles, 1.1.6(a), 6.1.2(c)
speaker, 7.5.2
suppressed names, 3.2.1(g)
unpublished interviews
interviewee, 7.3.2
interviewer, 7.3.4
National Assembly for Wales, 9.4.3(b)
neutral citations
adoption by senior courts, 3.1(a)
Australia, 8.2.3, Appendix 2
Canada, 8.3.3(a), Appendix 3
availability, 8.3.3(b)
year (distinguishing from report series citations), 8.3.3(a)
England and Wales, Appendix 4, 8.4.4
official and non-official, 3.2.2(a)
online cases, 7.1.9
particular decision of court or tribunal normally using neutral citation fails to include neutral citation, 3.3.3(d)
purpose, 3.1(a)
reported cases
case history included, 3.2.11
court identifier, 3.2.7(a), 3.3.3
general rule for use, 3.1(a), 3.2.2(a)
judgment number, 3.3.4
parallel citations, 3.2.10
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.3.1
report series organised by volume number, 3.2.3(a)
separation from reported citation, 3.2.2(c)
year of decision, 3.3.2
Scotland, 8.5.2
United States, state courts, 8.6.3(c)
unreported cases
court identifier
general rule, 3.3.3(a)
NZ courts, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
NZ tribunals, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
general rule for use, 3.1(a), 3.3, 3.4
judgment number, 3.3.4
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.3.1
year of decision, 3.3.2
New Zealand Administrative Reports (NZAR), 3.2.3(b)(iii)
see also law reports (New Zealand); reported cases
New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990, consistency of Bills, 5.4(f)
New Zealand Council for Law Reporting, 3.2.5(c)
New Zealand Court of Appeal Reports (1867-1877), 3.2.5(e)
New Zealand dollar amounts, 1.2.4
New Zealand Gazette
citation format, 5.2.4
Orders in Council, publication of
instruments in their own right, 4.3.2
legislative instruments, 4.3.1
proclamations, publication of, 4.3.6
New Zealand Jurist (1873-1879), 3.2.5(e)
New Zealand Jurist Reports (New Series) (1875-1879), 3.2.5(e)
New Zealand Law Reports (NZLR)
see also law reports (New Zealand); reported cases
as official series, 3.2.5(c)
citation, 3.2.3(b)(i)
Privy Council judgment also reported in AC, 3.2.5(c)
New Zealand Law Society papers, 6.7.2
New Zealand Legal Information Institute (NZLII), judgment numbering system, 3.2.2(a), 3.3
“New Zealand”/“NZ”, 1.1.7(d)
New Zealand’s Lost Cases Project, 3.7.2
news media releases see press releases
newspaper and magazine articles, 7.2
author, 7.2.2
date of publication, 7.2.6
editorials, 7.2.2
general form, 7.2.1
pinpoint reference, 7.2.7
place of publication
generally, 7.2.5(a)
online edition, 7.2.5(b)
title, 7.2.3
title of newspaper and section titles, 7.2.4
italics, 1.1.3
nominate reports (England and Wales), 8.4.2
non-governmental papers and reports, 5.4
Northern Ireland Assembly, 9.4.3(b)
nouns, capitalisation of, 1.1.5
numbered lists, 1.2.1
numbers
beginning a sentence, 1.2.3(a)
commas in, 1.2.3(a)
expression of, High Court Rules, Appendix 6
in dates see dates
in monetary amounts, 1.2.4
in pleadings, 1.2.3(a)
in times, 1.2.3(c)
ordinal, 1.2.3(f)
percentages, 1.2.3(a)
ranges, 1.2.3(g)
paragraphs or pages, 1.2.3(a), 3.2.8(b)
report series, numbering see reported cases
text edition number, 6.1.4
whole numbers under 10, 1.2.3(a)
Nuremberg, war crimes tribunal, 10.2.2
O
“obiter dictum/obiter dicta”, 1.1.1(d)
official information, 5.3
Official Journal of the European Union (OJ), 10.5.1(b)(ii), 10.5.2(c)
official place names, Māori, 1.1.1(c)
Ombudsmen findings/reports, 5.4(f)
omissions, quoted text, 1.2.2(a)(ii), 1.2.2(b)(v)
online commentaries, 6.3
date of access, 6.3.7
edition, 6.3.4
editor/author, 6.3.2
general form, 6.3.1
pinpoint reference, 6.3.6
publisher, 6.3.5
title, 6.3.3
online Hansard, 5.1.1
online legal encyclopaedias, 6.5.2, 6.6.2
online materials see emails; Internet materials; newspaper and magazine articles; online commentaries; online Hansard; online legal encyclopaedias
online template, styles for university work, Appendix 7 (I)
Orders in Council
court rules, 4.3.3
instruments in their own right, 4.3.2
legislative abbreviations, 4.1.1(d)
legislative instruments, 4.3.1
pinpoint reference, 4.3.1(c)
title, 4.3.1(a)
year of enactment, 4.3.1(b)
ordinal numbers, 1.2.3(f)
Ordinances (pre-1854), 4.1.3
organisation names
capitalisation, 1.1.5
Māori names, 1.1.1(c)
overseas jurisdictions see Australia; Canada; England and Wales; international criminal courts and tribunals; international materials; judges’ names; Northern Ireland Assembly; Scotland; United Kingdom; United Nations; United States
Oxford commas (serial commas), 1.1.2
P
page numbers
eBooks also available in hardcopy, 6.1.9(a)
online cases, 7.1.9
starting page/pinpoint reference see under particular sources/types of information
paper requirements, High Court Rules, Appendix 6
papers and reports, 5.4
see also government publications; Internet materials; parliamentary materials
author, 5.4(a)
date, 5.4(e)
examples, 5.4(f)
official citation available, 5.4(d)
online working papers, 7.1.1
publisher, 5.4(c)
title, 5.4(b)
italics, 1.1.3
unpublished papers, 6.7
conference papers, 6.7.2
New Zealand Law Society papers, 6.7.2
research papers, 6.7.1
seminars/webinars, 6.7.2
theses, 6.7.1
paragraph numbers
eBooks also available in hardcopy, 6.1.9(a)
long quotations from judgments, 1.2.2(a)(ii)
online cases, 7.1.9
pinpoint reference see under particular sources/types of information
parallel citations, 3.2.10
Parliament
Members’ names, 1.1.6(b)
“Parliament”/“parliamentary”, 1.1.5
Speaker of the House of Representatives: “Rt Hon”, 1.1.6(b)
parliamentary materials, 5.1
see also government publications
AJHR, 5.1.2
Law Commission reports in, 5.2.3
Hansard, 5.1.1
select committees
AJHR documents, 5.1.2
amendment of Bills, 4.2.1(d)
other reports, 5.2.5
reports on Bills, 4.2.2
submissions, 5.1.3
Standing Orders, 5.1.4
United Kingdom Parliamentary Debates, 5.1.1
part numbers, report series, 3.2.4(b), 3.2.4(c)
pawnbrokers, licensing authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
peerage titles
footnotes, references in, 1.1.6(a), 6.1.2(c)
House of Lords judges, 1.1.6(d)(ii)
“per”, 3.2.9(a)
“per se”, 1.1.1(d)
percentages, 1.2.3(a)
Permanent Court of International Justice, 10.2.1
personal names see names, personal
personal pronouns, 1.1.1(a)
pilcrow sign (¶), with case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
pinpoint references see under particular sources/types of information
place names, Māori, 1.1.1(c)
“plc”, 3.2.1(b)
pleadings, numbers in, 1.2.3(a)
“pm/“am”, 1.2.3(c)
podcasts, 7.1.8
post-nominal titles, 1.1.6(a), 6.1.2(c)
press releases, 7.4
author, 7.4.2
date of publication, 7.4.5
description of document, 7.4.4
general form, 7.4.1
government document reference, 7.4.4
pinpoint reference, 7.4.6
title, 7.4.3
“prima facie”, 1.1.1(d)
Prime Minister: “Rt Hon”, 1.1.6(b)
Principal Judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Private Security Personnel Licensing Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Privy Council
citation of judgment reported in NZLR and AC, 3.2.5(c)
Commonwealth Law Reports, court identifier, 3.2.7(b)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.3.3(b)
Privy Counsellors: “Rt Hon”, 1.1.6(b)
probate, official reports for England and Wales, Appendix 4
proclamations, 4.3.6
“Professor”/“Prof”, 1.1.6(a), 6.1.2(c)
proper nouns, capitalisation of, 1.1.5
prose see abbreviations; capital letters; emphasis; italics; judges’ names; language; names, personal; punctuation
provincial legislation, post-1854, 4.1.4(d)
provincial legislative councils (1848-1853), 4.1.3
provisional Ordinances, pre-1854, 4.1.3(a)
publication dates see under particular sources/types of information
punctuation
see also brackets; commas; en dashes; full stops; hyphens; quotation marks; spaces; symbols
decades, 1.2.3(d)
number format, 2.2.1
general rule, 1.1.2
lists, 1.2.1
omissions, quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(v)
papers and reports
publisher, 5.4(c)
title, 5.4(b)
quotations
long, 1.2.2(a)(ii), 2.2.2
short, 1.2.2(a)(i), 2.2.2
superscript footnote numbers in main text, 2.2.1
text subtitles, 6.1.3
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, document titles, 10.4.4(a)
Q
Queen
“Her Majesty, the Queen”, 1.1.5
“The Queen”, as party, 3.2.1(c)
Queen’s Bench (QB), official reports for England and Wales, 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
Queen’s Counsel (QC)
generally, 1.1.6(a)
judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
quotation marks
double
AJHR document titles, 5.1.2
essay or chapter titles in edited books, 6.2.3
foreign language titles, 1.1.1(f)
Internet document titles, 7.1.3
journal article titles, 6.4.3
newspaper article titles, 7.2.3
press release titles, 7.4.3
reference tags, 1.1.7(c)
short quotations, 1.2.2(a)(i)
short quotations within long quotations, 1.2.2(b)(i)
speech titles, 7.5.3
tweets, 7.1.10
uses, 1.1.2
single
quotation marks within journal article titles, 6.4.3
quotation marks within online article titles, 7.1.3
short quotations within short quotations, 1.2.2(b)(i)
quotations
alterations, general rule, 1.2.2(b)(iii)
citations within, 1.2.2(b)(ii)
emphasis added, 1.2.2(b)(iv)
footnotes within, 1.2.2(b)(ii)
general rule, 1.2.2
grammar: quotations forming part of sentence in text, 1.2.2(b)(iii)
judgment including paragraph numbers, 1.2.2(a)(ii)
long, 1.2.2(a)(ii), 2.2.2
macrons in Māori words, 1.1.1(c)
mistakes and errors (and use of “sic”), 1.2.2(b)(iii)
omissions (ellipses), 1.2.2(a)(ii), 1.2.2(b)(v)
quotations within, 1.2.2(b)(i)
short, 1.2.2(a)(i), 2.2.2
R
“R” (Regina/Rex), 3.2.1(c)
radio interviews see interviews
ranges of numbers, 1.2.3(g)
pages or paragraphs, 1.2.3(a), 3.2.8(b)
“ratio decidendi/rationes decidendi”, 1.1.1(d)
“Re”, 3.2.1(d)
Real Estate Agents Disciplinary Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
reference tags
generally, 1.1.7(c)
“Regional Council”, in case name, 3.2.1(b)
regnal years, Appendix 5
imperial legislation, 9.4.1(d)
pre-1853 Ordinances, 4.1.3(c)
United Kingdom, pre-1963 statutes, 9.4.1(d)
regulations
European Union, 10.5.2
New Zealand see Orders in Council
Regulatory Impact Statements, 5.4(f)
reported cases, 3.2
Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations, 3.2.5(a)
case history (“aff’d”/“rev’d”), 3.2.11
case name, 3.2.1
“& Anor”/“& Ors”, 3.2.1(b)
abbreviated names, 3.2.1(f)
additional information about parties, 3.2.1(b)
capital letters, 3.2.1(b)
case involving more than one action, 3.2.1(b)
common names, 3.2.1(e)
company and other legal status abbreviations, 3.2.1(b)
consolidated cases, 3.2.1(i)
Crown, 3.2.1(c)
“ex parte”, 3.2.1(d)
family law cases, 3.2.1(g)
multiple cases with same parties in same court, 3.2.1(h)
names which should not be abbreviated, 3.2.1(b)
procedural phrases, 3.2.1(d)
“Re”, 3.2.1(d)
suppressed names, 3.2.1(g)
“v”, 3.2.1(a)
court identifier, 3.2.7(a)
exceptions, 3.2.7(b)
extracts or digests, 3.2.5(d)
judge identifier, 3.2.9
abbreviations, 3.2.9(c)
dissenting judgment, 3.2.9(d)
first name use where surname in common, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(b)
general rule, 3.2.9(a)
“per”, 3.2.9(a)
subsequent elevation in office, 3.2.9(e)
jurisdiction identifier, 3.2.7(c)
Legal Citations for Aotearoa New Zealand database, 3.2.5(a)
multiple judgments, court identifier, 3.2.7(a)
neutral citation available
case history included, 3.2.11
court identifier, 3.2.7(a), 3.3.3
general rule for use, 3.1(a), 3.2.2(a), 3.3
judgment number, 3.3.4
parallel citations, 3.2.10
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.3.1
report series organised by volume number, 3.2.3(a)
separation from reported citation, 3.2.2(c)
year of decision, 3.3.2
neutral citation unavailable, 3.1(b)
online sources, 7.1.9
overseas see reported cases (specific jurisdictions)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8
format, 3.2.8(b)
page numbers, 3.2.8(a), 3.2.8(b)
paragraph numbers, 3.2.8(a), 3.2.8(b)
ranges of paragraphs or pages, 3.2.8(b)
subparagraphs, 3.2.8(b)
report series
abbreviation of name, 3.2.5(a)
early, 3.2.5(e)
number (overseas reports), 3.2.5(b)
official, 3.2.5(c)
unofficial, 3.2.5(d)
starting page, 3.2.6
judgment followed by an appeal under same headnote, 3.2.6(a)
rule, 3.2.6(a)
unique case number assigned, 3.2.6(b)
volume number, 3.2.4
year
change in law report structure, 3.2.3(b)
District Courts Reports, 3.2.3(b)(iv)
Gazette Law Reports, 3.2.3(b)(ii)
New Zealand Administrative Reports, 3.2.3(b)(iii)
New Zealand Law Reports, 3.2.3(b)(i)
round or square brackets, 3.2.3(a)
reported cases (specific jurisdictions)
Australia
ATPR, case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
Australian Law Reports, 3.2.5(d)
Commonwealth Law Reports, 8.2.1(a)
court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
Privy Council judgments in, 3.2.7(b)
court identifier, 8.2.2(a)
general rules, 8.1
jurisdiction identifier, 8.2.2(b)
neutral citation available, 8.2.3, Appendix 2
official report series, 8.2.1(a), Appendix 2
unofficial report series, 8.2.1(b)
Canada
court identifier, 8.3.2(a)
Dominion Law Reports, 8.3.1(b)
general rules, 8.1
jurisdiction identifier, 8.3.2(b)
neutral citation available, 8.3.3, Appendix 3
official report series, 8.3.1(a), Appendix 3
Supreme Court Reports, court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
unofficial report series, 8.3.1(b)
England and Wales
All England Law Reports, 3.2.5(d)
court identifier, 8.4.3
Criminal Appeal Reports, 3.2.6(b)
Fleet Street Reports, 3.2.6(b)
general rules, 8.1
Law Reports (official reports), 8.4.1(a), Appendix 4
neutral citation available, 8.4.4, Appendix 4
nominate reports, 8.4.2
Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases, 3.2.6(b)
Weekly Law Reports, 8.4.1(b)
European Commission of Human Rights, 10.5.4
European Court of Human Rights, 10.5.3(a)
European Union, 10.5.1
general rules see reported cases
International Court of Justice/Permanent Court of International Justice, 10.2.1
Scotland
court identifier, 8.5.1(b)
general rules, 8.1
neutral citation available, 8.5.2
years and brackets, 8.5.1(a)
United States see United States
reported international arbitral decisions, 10.3.1
reports see government publications; papers and reports; parliamentary materials
Reports of International Arbitral Awards (RIAA), 10.3.1(e)
Reports of Patent, Design and Trade Mark Cases, case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
research papers, 6.7.1
“rev’d” (reversed), 3.2.11
“Rt Hon”, 1.1.6(b)
rules, statutory see Orders in Council
rules (DINLIs), 4.3.4
rules of court, 4.3.3
document style requirements, Appendix 6
Rwanda, criminal tribunal, 10.2.2
S
“s” vs “z”, 1.1.1(b)
Scotland
see also United Kingdom
reported cases
court identifier, 8.5.1(b)
general rules, 8.
neutral citation available, 8.5.2
years and brackets, 8.5.1(a)
statutes of the Scottish Parliament, 9.4.3(b)
unreported cases, general rules, 8.
secondary legislation, 4.3
letters patent, 4.3.5
Orders in Council
court rules, 4.3.3
instruments in their own right, 4.3.2
legislative abbreviations, 4.1.1(d)
legislative instruments, 4.3.1
pinpoint reference, 4.3.1(c)
title, 4.3.1(a)
year of enactment, 4.3.1(b)
other instruments (DINLIs), 4.3.4
secondary materials see essays and chapters in edited books; Internet materials; journal articles; legal encyclopaedias; looseleaf texts; online commentaries; texts; unpublished papers
secondhand dealers, licensing authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
Security Council resolutions, 10.4.2
“See”/“See also” references in footnotes, 2.2.4(b)
select committees
AJHR documents, 5.1.2
amendment of Bills, 4.2.1(d)
other reports, 5.2.5
reports on Bills, 4.2.2
submissions, 5.1.3
seminar papers, 6.7.2
Senior Counsel (SC)
generally, 1.1.6(a)
judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
serial commas (Oxford commas), 1.1.2
“sic”, 1.2.2(b)(iii)
Sierra Leone, Special Court for, 10.2.2
signals in footnotes (“See”/“Compare”/“Contrast”), 2.2.4(b)
signature requirements, High Court Rules, Appendix 6
single quotation marks see quotation marks
“Sir”, 6.1.2(c)
social media, 7.1.10
Social Science Research Network (SSRN), 7.1.1
Social Security Appeal Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
solicitor filing documents, High Court Rules, Appendix 6
“Solicitor-General”, in case name, 3.2.1(b)
sources, citation generally see citation, general rules
sovereign see Queen
spaces
acronyms, 1.1.7(e)
omissions, quoted text, 1.2.2(b)(v)
Speaker of the House of Representatives: “Rt Hon”, 1.1.6(b)
Special Court for Lebanon, 10.2.2
Special Court for Sierra Leone, 10.2.2
speeches, 7.5
date delivered, 7.5.5
general form, 7.5.1
location, 7.5.4
minister or official speaker, 7.5.2
role of speaker, 7.5.2
speaker, 7.5.2
title, 7.5.3
unpublished conference papers, 6.7.2
spelling
alternative
“judgment” vs “judgement”, 1.1.1(b)
“s” vs “z”, 1.1.1(b)
English words, 1.1.1(b)
hyphens, 1.1.1(b)
Internet document titles, 7.1.3
journal article titles, 6.4.3
Māori words, 1.1.1(c)
newspaper article titles, 7.2.3
paper and report titles, 5.4(b)
press release titles, 7.4.3
quoted text: mistakes and errors (and use of “sic”), 1.2.2(b)(iii)
speech titles, 7.5.3
text titles, 6.1.3
United Kingdom, pre-1963 statutes, 9.4.1(a)
Yearbook of the International Law Commission, document titles, 10.4.4(a)
Standing Orders, 5.1.4
“stare decisis”, 1.1.1(d)
statutes, 4.1
see also Bills
capitalisation of word “Act”, 1.1.5
citation, general rules see citation, general rules
footnote format and content see footnote format and content
general form, 4.1.1
amendment Act, short title, 4.1.1(a)
definitions, references to, 4.1.1(d)
jurisdiction, 4.1.1(c)
pinpoint reference, 4.1.1(d)
provisions within schedules, 4.1.1(d)
reference abbreviations, 1.1.7(f)
short title, 4.1.1(a)
Treaty of Waitangi and Declaration of Independence, 4.1.1(e)
year of enactment, 4.1.1(b)
imperial legislation, 4.1.2, 9.4.1
Ordinances, pre-1854, 4.1.3
Ordinance number, 4.1.3(d)
pinpoint reference, 4.1.3(e)
provisional Ordinances, 4.1.3(a)
regnal year, 4.1.3(c)
title, 4.1.3(a)
year enacted, 4.1.3(b)
overseas see statutes (specific jurisdictions)
post-1854, 4.1.4
jurisdiction, 4.1.4(a)
pinpoint reference, 4.1.4(c)
provincial legislation, 4.1.4(d)
short title, 4.1.4(a)
year of enactment, 4.1.4(b)
Statutes Amendment Bills, identification of, 4.2.1(b)
statutes (specific jurisdictions)
Australia, 9.2
Canada, 9.3.1
chapter, 9.3.1(e)
general form, 9.3.1
jurisdiction, 9.3.1(c)
pinpoint reference, 9.3.1(f)
revision, 9.3.1
short title, 9.3.1(a)
volume, 9.3.1(b)
year, 9.3.1(d)
general rules, 9.1
United Kingdom
modern statutes: post-1998, 9.4.3
modern statutes: pre-1998 constitutional reforms, 9.4.2
national parliaments, 9.4.3(b)
pre-1963, 9.4.1
United States
codes, 9.5.1
model laws, 9.5.3
restatements of the law, 9.5.4
session laws, 9.5.2
statutory regulations (legislative instruments) see secondary legislation
Student Allowance Appeal Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
succession to Māori land, 3.5.2(c)
superscript footnote numbers in main text, 2.2.1
Supplementary Order Papers (SOPs), 4.2.3
suppressed names, 3.2.1(g)
Supreme Court
High Court, pre-1980, distinction, 3.2.7(a)
judges, 1.1.6(d)(i), 3.2.9(c)
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.1(a), 3.3.3(b)
reported cases see reported cases
transcripts of oral argument, 3.8
unreported cases see unreported cases; unreported cases (file number citation)
Supreme Court (England and Wales),
1.1.6(d)(ii)
Supreme Court Reports (SCR), court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
Supreme Court Rules 2004, 4.3.3
document style requirements, Appendix 6
symbols
¶ (pilcrow sign), with case numbers, 3.2.6(b)
currency, 1.2.4
ellipses
keyboard shortcut, 1.2.2(b)(v)
quoted text, 1.2.2(a)(ii), 1.2.2(b)(v)
units of measurement, 1.1.7(b)
T
Taxation Review Authority, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
television interviews see interviews
template, styles for university work, Appendix 7 (I)
Tenancy Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
texts, 6.1
author, 6.1.2
anonymous, 6.1.2(b)
each chapter has identified author, 6.1.2(f)
extrajudicial writing, 1.1.6(d)(v), 6.1.2(d)
honorifics or titles in footnotes, 6.1.2(c)
multiple, 6.1.2(e)
name, 6.1.2(a)
citation, general rules see citation, general rules
eBooks, 6.1.9
edition, 6.1.4
editor/general editor, 6.1.2(g)
essays and chapters see essays and chapters in edited books
footnote format and content see footnote format and content
foreign language titles, 1.1.1(f)
forthcoming works, 6.8
general form, 6.1.1
interviews in, 7.3.1
Māori language see Māori words and phrases
pinpoint reference, 6.1.8
chapters, 6.1.8(b)
footnotes or endnotes, 6.1.8(d)
generally, 6.1.8(a)
multi-volume works, 6.1.8(c)
place of publication, 6.1.6
common names, 6.1.6(b)
multiple places, 6.1.6(a)
obscure places, 6.1.6(c)
publisher, 6.1.5
reference tags see reference tags
subtitle, 6.1.3
title, 6.1.3
italics, 1.1.3
year of publication, multi-volume work, 6.1.7
theses, 6.7.1
times, 1.2.3(c)
titles (names) see judges’ names; names, personal
titles (works) see under particular sources/types of information
Tokyo, war crimes tribunal, 10.2.2
transcripts
Supreme Court oral argument, 3.8
unpublished interviews, 7.3.7
translations
foreign language titles, 1.1.1(f)
foreign language words or phrases, 1.1.1(e)
Māori language, 1.1.1(c)
translated versions of historical texts, 7.7.1
treaties, 10.1
date, 10.1.1(d)
general form, 10.1.1
name, 10.1.1(a)
parties’ names, 10.1.1(b)
pinpoint reference, 10.1.1(e)
treaty series citation, 10.1.1(c)
United Nations Treaty Collection, 10.1.1(c)
Treaty of Waitangi, 4.1.1(e)
tribunals, neutral citation, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
tweets, citation of, 7.1.10
U
“ultra vires”, 1.1.1(d)
Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), 7.1.6
United Kingdom
see also England and Wales; House of Lords; Scotland
Command Papers, 5.4(f)
Northern Ireland Assembly, 9.4.3(b)
Parliamentary Debates, 5.1.1
statutes
general rules, 9.1
modern
post-1998, 9.4.3
pre-1998 constitutional reforms, 9.4.2
pre-1963, 9.4.1
“United Kingdom”/“UK”, 1.1.7(d)
United Nations
constitutive documents, general form, 10.4.1
International Law Commission, 10.4.4
other documents
author, 10.4.3(a)
date, 10.4.3(d)
document number, 10.4.3(c)
general form, 10.4.3
pinpoint reference, 10.4.3(e)
session number, 10.4.3(b)
title, 10.4.3(a)
resolutions, 10.4.2
treaties see treaties
United States
cases
federal courts, 8.6.2
Courts of Appeals, 8.6.2(b)
District Court, 8.6.2(a)
Supreme Court, 8.6.2(c)
Supreme Court Reports, court identifier exception, 3.2.7(b)
general rules, 8.1
jurisdiction, 8.6.1(b)
state courts, 8.6.3
court identifier, 8.6.3(a)
jurisdiction, 8.6.3(a)
neutral citation available (public domain citations), 8.6.3(c)
report series, 8.6.3(b)
year of decision, 8.6.1(a)
codes, 9.5.1
Constitution, 9.5.5
model laws, 9.5.3
restatements of the law, 9.5.4
session laws, 9.5.2
“United States”/“USA”/“America”, 1.1.7(d)
units of measurement, 1.1.7(b)
university work, additional style rules, Appendix 7
unpublished interviews see interviews
unpublished papers, 6.7
conference papers, 6.7.2
New Zealand Law Society papers, 6.7.2
research papers, 6.7.1
seminars, 6.7.2
theses, 6.7.1
unreported cases
“& Anor”/“& Ors”, 3.2.1(b)
abbreviated names, 3.2.1(f)
additional information about parties, 3.2.1(b)
capital letters, 3.2.1(b)
case involving more than one action, 3.2.1(b)
common names, 3.2.1(e)
company and other legal status abbreviations, 3.2.1(b)
consolidated cases, 3.2.1(i)
Crown, 3.2.1(c)
“ex parte”, 3.2.1(d)
family law cases, 3.2.1(g)
multiple cases with same parties in same court, 3.2.1(h)
names which should not be abbreviated, 3.2.1(b)
procedural phrases, 3.2.1(d)
“Re”, 3.2.1(d)
suppressed names, 3.2.1(g)
“v”, 3.2.1(a)
historic judgments
Lost Cases Project, 3.7.2
newspaper reports, 3.7.1
neutral citation available
court identifier, 3.3.3
courts, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
general rule, 3.3.3(a)
tribunals, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
general rule for use, 3.1(a), 3.3, 3.4
judgment number, 3.3.4
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.3.1
year of decision, 3.3.2
neutral citation unavailable see unreported cases (file number citation)
online sources, 7.1.9
overseas see reported cases (specific jurisdictions)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.4.2
format, 3.2.8(b)
page numbers, 3.2.8(a), 3.2.8(b)
paragraph numbers, 3.2.8(a), 3.2.8(b)
ranges of paragraphs or pages, 3.2.8(b)
subparagraphs, 3.2.8(b)
unreported cases (file number citation)
court abbreviation, 3.4.3
Court of Appeal, 3.4.1(b)
date of judgment, 3.4.6
file number, 3.4.5(b)
judge identifier, 3.4.8
minutes and rulings given during trial, 3.4.7
multiple file numbers, 3.4.5(e)
other formats, 3.4.5(d)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.4.2
registry, 3.4.4
separation of file number from date of judgment, 3.4.5(f)
District Court, 3.4.1(d)
date of judgment, 3.4.6
file number, 3.4.5(c)
judge identifier, 3.4.8
minutes and rulings given during trial, 3.4.7
multiple file numbers, 3.4.5(e)
other formats, 3.4.5(d)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.4.2
registry, 3.4.4
separation of file number from date of judgment, 3.4.5(f)
general rule for use, 3.1(c), 3.4
High Court, 3.4.1(c)
date of judgment, 3.4.6
file number, 3.4.5(c)
judge identifier, 3.4.8
minutes and rulings given during trial, 3.4.7
multiple file numbers, 3.4.5(e)
other formats, 3.4.5(d)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.4.2
registry, 3.4.4
separation of file number from date of judgment, 3.4.5(f)
online sources, 7.1.9
other courts and tribunals, 3.4.1(e)
date of judgment, 3.4.6
Family Court, file number, 3.4.5(c)
judge identifier, 3.4.8
minutes and rulings given during trial, 3.4.7
multiple file numbers, 3.4.5(e)
other formats, 3.4.5(d)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.4.2
registry, 3.4.4
separation of file number from date of judgment, 3.4.5(f)
Supreme Court, 3.4.1(a)
date of judgment, 3.4.6
file number, 3.4.5(a)
judge identifier, 3.4.8
minutes and rulings given during trial, 3.4.7
multiple file numbers, 3.4.5(e)
other formats, 3.4.5(d)
pinpoint reference, 3.2.8, 3.4.2
registry, 3.4.4
separation of file number from date of judgment, 3.4.5(f)
transcripts of oral argument, 3.8
unreported cases (specific jurisdictions)
European Court of Human Rights, 10.5.3(a)
European Union
2012 onwards, 10.5.1(c)
prior to 2012, 10.5.1(b)(ii)
general rules, 8.1
unreported international arbitral decisions, 10.3.2
V
“v” in case name, 3.2.1(a)
video podcasts, 7.1.8
volume numbers, report series, 3.2.4
vowel modifiers
foreign words or names, 1.1.1(e)
macrons in Māori words, 1.1.1(c)
W
Waitangi Tribunal reports, 3.3.3(b), 3.6
Wales
see also United Kingdom
cases see England and Wales
statutes of the National Assembly, 9.4.3(b)
war crimes tribunals, 10.2.2
Weathertight Homes Tribunal, 3.3.3(c), Appendix 1
webinar papers, 6.7.2
Weekly Law Reports (WLR), 8.4.1(b)
Western Weekly Reports, 8.3.1(b)
working papers, online, 7.1.1
works referred to in another work, 6.9
World Trade Organization (WTO), official documents, 10.6.1
Y
Yearbook of the International Law Commission (YILC), 10.4.4
years
Bills, introduction, 4.2.1(b)
centuries, 1.2.3(e)
cited decisions see international materials; Māori Land Court/Māori Appellate Court; reported cases; unreported cases; Waitangi Tribunal reports
decades, 1.2.3(d)
Orders in Council that are legislative instruments, 4.3.2(b)
regnal see regnal years
spans, 1.2.3(d)
statutes, enactment see statutes; statutes (specific jurisdictions)
texts, year of publication, multi-volume work, 6.1.7
Youth Court
neutral citation
court identifier, 3.3.3(b), Appendix 1
year of adoption, 3.3.3(b)
Principal Judge and judges, 1.1.6(d)(i)
Yugoslavia, criminal tribunal, 10.2.2
Z
“z” vs “s”, 1.1.1(b)